quiz8

1. Define the term, database, and explain how a database interacts with data
and information.     A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form.
     InformationDatabase>Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
     Data>Collection of unprocessed items
           •Text
           •Numbers
           •Images
           •Audio
           •Video
    Information•Processed data
                     •Organized
                     •Meaningful
                     •Useful


2. Describe file maintenance techniques (adding records, modifying records,deleting records) and validation techniques.     - File Maintenance  refers to the procedures that keep data current.
     - Adding Records users add new records to a file when they obtain new data Disc
     - Modifying Records users modify a record to correct inaccurate data or update old data
     - Deleting Records When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes it from a file
     - Validation Techniques compares data with a set of rules or values to find out if the data is correct  

3. Discuss the terms character, field, record, and file     - Characters numbers, letters, space, punctuation marks, or other symbols
     - Field is a combination of one or more related characters
     - Record is a group of related fields
     - File is a collection of related records


4. Discuss the functions common to most database management systems:
data dictionary, file retrieval and maintenance, data security, and backup
and recovery.
     Data dictionary contains data about each file in a database and each field within the files.

    Backup - is the copy of the database.A log is a listing of activities that change the contents of the database. 

    Recovery Utility - uses the logs and/or backups to restore the database.

5. Differentiate between a file processing approach and the database
approach.

     File processing approach each department or area within organization has its own set of files.

    Database approach- many programs and users share the data in a database. The database approach reduces data redundancy, improves data integrity, shares data, permits easier access, and reduces development time.A database, however, can be more complex than a file processing system, requiring special training and more computer memory, storage, and processing power. Data in a database also can be more vulnerable than data in file processing system.

     An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects
•Object-oriented databases often use Object Query Language (OQL) to manipulate and retrieve data.    A relational database stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns
        –Each rowhas a primary key
        –Each columnhas a unique name
        •A relationshipis a link    A multidimensional database can store data in more than two dimensions of data
        –Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database


7. Explain how to access Web databases.

     Web database  database you can access through web by filing in a form in a web page.
     A Web database links to a form on a Web page. To access data in a Web database, you fill on the form or enter search text on a Web page. A Web database usually resides on a database server, which is a computer that store and provides access to a database.


8. Define the term, computer security risks, and briefly describe the types
of cybercrime perpetrators: hacker, cracker, script kiddie, corporate spy,
unethical employee, cyberextortionist, and cyberterrorist.

Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as Information Security as applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users. 

     Hacker refers to a computer programmer who is able to create usable computer programs where none previously existed. 

     Cracker is a variation of hacker , with the analogy equal to a safe cracker. Some individuals use the term cracker in an attempt to differentiate from the honorable computer programmer definition of hacker.

     Script kiddy is an individual who executes computer scripts and programs written by others. Their motive is to hack a computer by using someone else’s software. Examples include password decryption programs and automated access utilities.

     Corporate Spy - have excellent computer and networking skills and are hired to break into a specific computer and steal its proprietary data and information.

     Unethical employee - break into their employers' computer for a variety of reasons. Some simply want to exploit security weakness.

     Cyberextortionist - is someone who uses e-mail as a vehicle for extortion. These perpetrator s send an organization a threatening e-mail message indicating they will expose confidential information, exploit a security flaw, or launch an attack that will compromise the organization s network - if they are not paid of a sum of money.

     Cyber-terrorist - a programmer who breaks into computer systems in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism

9. Identify database design guidelines and discuss the responsibilities of
database analysts and administrators.

     Database Analysts and Database Administrators are responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities.

     Database Analysts (DA) - focuses on the meaning and usage of data. The DA decides on the placement of fields, defines the relationships among data, and identifies user's access privilege.

     Database Administrators (DBA) requires a more technical inside view of the data. The DBA creates and maintains the data dictionary, manages data security, monitors database performance, and checks backup and recovery procedures. 
10. Discuss techniques to prevent unauthorized computer access and use

 

     Operating system and software patches and updates

There is no such thing as perfect software, often a software program may have several issues and could potentially have security vulnerabilities that can leave your computer open to attacks that compromise your computer and your data.

     Software patches, updates, and drivers are made available, often for free, to consumers to help keep a software program and operating systems running properly and secure. If the program you're using does not have any method of checking for updates on its own it is up to you to verify the program is up-to-date. Often this can be done by visiting the web site of the developer who created the program. A listing of third-party companies and links to each of their pages can be found on our third-party support page.